Birth mark or birth spots are congenital, benign, irregularity that can be seen any where on the skin. Coloured marks or blemishes that are present during birth or develop right after birth are known as birthmarks. It is not fully understood why they occur. Birthmarks usually disappear with age and may not require medical treatment unless it is either a cosmetic necessity or a malignant lesion.
What are the causes of birth mark?The cause of birth marks are due to over growth of blood vessels, melanocytes , smooth muscle fat, fibroblasts or keratinocytes.
Which age group is usually affected?Birth marks are present since the childhood or after the birth, gradually it may became darker as a person grows.
For vascular birth marks comments laser used is pulse-dye-laser (PDL), this is the gold standard as for as vascular birth marks are concerned. It is documented and most effective solution.
As far as portwine stain is concerned, PDL is the best treatment option. In hemengioma, sclerosant injections work well, in some patients intense pulse light (IPL) has been reported to reduce some vascular anomiles.
Pigmented birth marks, the best laser used is ND-YAG-Q Switched laser. It works for Becker’s Nevus, news of Ota, lentigines. Some birth marks like congenital melanocytic nevus, nevus sebaceous are removed by CO2 laser and sometimes surgical excision of lesions is also indicated.